Manual testing involves human intervention to evaluate the functionality of a software application without the use of automated testing tools. Different levels of manual testing are performed throughout the software development life cycle. Here are some common levels of manual testing:
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Unit Testing:
- Scope: Individual units or components of the software.
- Objective: Verify that each unit functions correctly in isolation.
- Activities: Developers or testers execute test cases on specific functions or methods to ensure they produce the expected outcomes.
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Integration Testing:
- Scope: Interactions between integrated components or systems.
- Objective: Verify that integrated components work together as expected.
- Activities: Testers execute test cases to ensure the correct integration of various components and identify any issues in communication or data flow.
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System Testing:
- Scope: The entire system as a whole.
- Objective: Verify that the entire system meets specified requirements.
- Activities: Testers perform end-to-end testing, covering all functionalities to ensure that the system behaves as expected.
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Acceptance Testing:
- Scope: Validating that the software meets acceptance criteria.
- Objective: Verify that the software satisfies user requirements.
- Types: User Acceptance Testing (UAT), Alpha Testing, Beta Testing.
- Activities: Testers execute test cases based on user scenarios to ensure the software is ready for release.
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